Body Composition Profiles of Applicants to a Physical Education and Sports Major in Southeastern Mexico.

This study aimed to determine the body composition profile of candidates applying for a Physical Education and Sports major. 327 young adults (F: 87, M: 240) participated in this cross-sectional study. Nutritional status and body composition analysis were performed, and the profiles were generated using an unsupervised machine learning algorithm. Body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat mass (%FM), percentage of muscle mass (%MM), metabolic age (MA), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and visceral fat level (VFL) were used as input variables. BMI values were normal-weight although VFL was significantly higher in men (<0.001; η2 = 0.104). MA was positively correlated with BMR (0.81 [0.77, 0.85]; p < 0.01), BMI (0.87 [0.84, 0.90]; p < 0.01), and VFL (0.77 [0.72, 0.81]; p < 0.01). The hierarchical clustering analysis revealed two significantly different age-independent profiles: Cluster 1 (n = 265), applicants of both sexes that were shorter, lighter, with lower adiposity and higher lean mass; and, Cluster 2 (n = 62), a group of overweight male applicants with higher VFL, taller, with lower %MM and estimated energy expended at rest. We identified two profiles that might help universities, counselors and teachers/lecturers to identify applicants in which is necessary to increase physical activity levels and improve dietary habits.

Potencial del índice de masa corporal como indicador de grasa corporal en jóvenes / Potential for body mass index as a tool to estimate body fat in young people

Objetivo: Determinar el indicador antropométrico que presenta mayor fuerza de asociación con el porcentaje de grasa corporal y la autorregulación de alimentación y actividad física en jóvenes estudiantes universitarios, para su uso por personal de enfermería en atención primaria. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 3.869 estudiantes universitarios mexicanos, de los cuales el 53,9% fueron mujeres. Se siguieron procedimientos estándar para la antropometría incluyendo peso, talla y circunferencia de cintura. Con estos datos se calcularon índice de masa corporal (IMC), A Body Shape Index, índice cintura-talla, Body roundness index y Conicity index. Se aplicaron la Escala de autorregulación de hábitos alimentarios y la Escala de autorregulación de actividad física. Se estimaron medias con desviación estándar, porcentajes y coeficientes de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: El grupo de hombres presentó prevalencia superior de exceso de peso en comparación con las mujeres. Se encontraron correlaciones inversas entre la mayoría de los índices antropométricos y la autorregulación de hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física. Sin embargo, en todos los casos las correlaciones fueron bajas. El porcentaje de grasa corporal tuvo una asociación media con Conicity index y fuerte con IMC, circunferencia de cintura, índice cintura-talla y Body roundness index, siendo el IMC el que presentó el coeficiente de correlación más fuerte. Conclusiones: De los indicadores analizados, el IMC muestra la fuerza de asociación más fuerte con el porcentaje de grasa corporal en estudiantes universitarios, por lo que se sugiere mantener su uso en enfermería para la determinación de obesidad por su simplicidad de estimación.(AU)

Objective: We aim to determine the anthropometric indicator that is most strongly associated with the percentage of body fat and self-regulation of eating behaviour and physical activity among young university students. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3,869 Mexican university students, of which 53.9% were women. Standard procedures for anthropometry were followed, including weight, height and waist circumference. This data was used for calculating Body Mass Index (BMI), A Body Shape Index, waist-to-height ratio, Body Roundness Index and Conicity index. The self-regulation of eating habits scale and the self-regulation of physical activity scale were used. Mean with standard deviation, percentages and Pearson correlation coefficient were estimated. Results: The group of men shown a higher prevalence of excess weight compared to the women. Inverse correlations between most anthropometric indices and self-regulation of eating behaviour and physical activity were found. However, in all cases the correlations were weak. The percentage of fat had a medium frequency of association with Conicity index and high with BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and Body Roundness Index, where the BMI showed the highest correlation coefficient. Conclusions: The BMI shows the highest magnitude of association with percentage of body fat in university students among the indicators analysed. Therefore it is suggested that nurses use BMI to determine obesity because it is easy to calculate.(AU)

Potential for body mass index as a tool to estimate body fat in young people. / Potencial del índice de masa corporal como indicador de grasa corporal en jóvenes.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to determine the anthropometric indicator that is most strongly associated with the percentage of body fat and self-regulation of eating behaviour and physical activity among young university students. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3,869 Mexican university students, of which 53.9% were women. Standard procedures for anthropometry were followed, including weight, height and waist circumference. This data was used for calculating Body Mass Index (BMI), A Body Shape Index, waist-to-height ratio, Body Roundness Index and Conicity index. The self-regulation of eating habits scale and the self-regulation of physical activity scale were used. Mean with standard deviation, percentages and Pearson correlation coefficient were estimated. RESULTS: The group of men shown a higher prevalence of excess weight compared to the women. Inverse correlations between most anthropometric indices and self-regulation of eating behaviour and physical activity were found. However, in all cases the correlations were weak. The percentage of fat had a medium frequency of association with Conicity index and high with BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and Body Roundness Index, where the BMI showed the highest correlation coefficient CONCLUSIONS: The BMI shows the highest magnitude of association with percentage of body fat in university students among the indicators analysed. Therefore it is suggested that nurses use BMI to determine obesity because it is easy to calculate.

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Curcumin in Gel Carriers on Mice with Atrial Edema.

Curcumin is a bioactive compound with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, but has low water solubility and dermal absorption. The inflammatory process is considered as the biological response to damage induced by various stimuli. If this process fails to self-regulate, it becomes a potential risk of cancer. The objective of this work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin administered to mice with induced atrial edema using two topical vehicles: organogels and O/W-type nanogels at pH 7, Organogels and O/W-type nanogels at pH 7 were prepared, characterized and the anti-inflammatory activity was assessed. A histopathological analysis of mouse ears was performed and two gel formulations were selected. Thermograms of organogels indicated that increasing the gelling agent improved the stability of the system. Deformation sweeps confirmed a viscoelastic behavior characteristic of gels in both systems. During the anti-inflammatory activity evaluations, the nanogels demonstrated greater activity (61.8 %) than organogels; Diclofenac® (2-(2,6-dichloranilino) phenylacetic acid), used as a control medication achieved the highest inhibition (85.4%); however, the drug produced the death of 2 (40%) of the study subjects caused by secondary adverse events. Histopathological analysis confirmed the data.

Análisis estructural de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff en universitarios mexicanos / Structural analysis of the Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale among Mexican college students

Objetivos: realizar el análisis de la estructura interna de la versión en español de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff (PWBS-E) en estudiantes universitarios (n = 1700; 54.75% mujeres; Medad = 19.23) de una institución pública en Veracruz, México. Método: La estructura interna de la PWBS-E fue evaluada mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA), el modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales exploratorio (ESEM) y el análisis factorial exploratorio (EFA). La confiabilidad del constructo fue estimada con el coeficiente α y de las puntuaciones con el coeficiente α. Resultados: indicaron que una estructura unidimensional y breve (19 ítems) posee mayor respaldo empírico. Además, se evidenció la existencia de un factor de método asociado a ítems invertidos en los modelos multidimensionales. En cuanto a la confiabilidad, se hallaron indicadores aceptables en ambos niveles (constructo y puntuaciones). Conclusiones: se discuten los hallazgos y las implicancias prácticas de la versión breve de la PWBS-E en universitarios

Objectives: This paper aimed to analyze the internal structure of the Spanish version of the Ryff ’s psychological well-being scale (PWBS-E) among college students (n = 1700, 54.75% females, Mage = 19.23) who attend a public institution located in Veracruz, Mexico. Method: The internal structure of the PWBS-E was assessed using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), while the reliability of the construct was estimated with the ù coefficient and the reliability of the scores, with the α coefficient. Results: Suggested that a short and unidimensional structure (19 items) provides greater empirical support. In addition, a method factor associated with inverted items in multidimensional models was evidenced. Regarding the reliability, acceptable indicators were found in both levels (construct and scores). Conclusions: This paper addresses both the findings and practical implications of the short version of the PWBS-E among college students.

La obesidad en México. Programas en marcha / Obesity in Mexico. Ongoing programs

La obesidad es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Según datos arrojados en el año 2014 por la OCDE, México ocupa junto con Estados Unidos de América el primer lugar en obesidad. En el año 2000, la Encuesta Nacional de Salud encontró una prevalencia combinada de sobrepeso y obesidad del 61.8 % y para el año 2012 la prevalencia fue del 71.3 %. Son diversos los factores que influyen en el desarrollo de la obesidad, en México destacan: la inseguridad alimentaria, la falta de actividad física y el consumo de bebidas azucaradas. Ante este panorama, se implementó en el año 2013, la Estrategia Nacional para la Prevención y el Control del Sobrepeso, la Obesidad y la Diabetes que se acompaña de una reforma legal y en la que intervienen el sector público, la iniciativa privada y la sociedad civil. Por su parte, en el estado de Veracruz, la Universidad Veracruzana desde hace más de 25 años aplica un examen de salud integral a los alumnos de nuevo ingreso a la universidad. Entre los resultados más importantes se encuentra el aumento del sobrepeso y la obesidad. A partir de estos resultados se han implementado diversas acciones encaminadas no sólo a reducir la prevalencia de la obesidad, sino también a promover la salud integral del estudiante universitario. Sin embargo, aún falta mucho por hacer, una tarea fundamental será la medición del impacto de los programas regionales y nacionales para combatir el sobrepeso y la obesidad, mediano y largo plazo (AU)

Obesity is a worldwide public health issue. According to the OECD in 2014, Mexico and United States had the first place on obesity. In 2000, the Mexican Health and Nutrition Survey found a mixed prevalence of overweight and obesity representing 61.8 % and in 2012 the prevalence was of 71.3 %. There are many factors that interfere on obesity development, in Mexico: food insecurity, lack of physical activity and sweetened beverages consumption. With that as a reference in 2013 the National strategy of prevention and control of overweight, obesity and diabetes was established, it involves a legal reform, which is intervene by a public sector, private initiative and civil society, In another hand Veracruz state, Universidad Veracruzana have been applying an integral health survey for 25 years to the new comers students of university. The most important outcomes have been the increase of obesity and overweight. From these results there have been established several actions not just to reduce the prevalence of obesity but to promote integral health to the university student. However there’s a long way to go a fundamental task would be the measurement of the impact of regional and national programs to confront overweight and obesity, short and long term (AU)

Factores que contribuyen al desarrollo de sobrepesoy obesidad en población adulta española / Risk factors of overweight and obesity in Spanish population

Objetivo: Estudiar la relación entre algunos factoresambientales (que pueden estar relacionados con laexistencia de un ambiente obesogénico) y el padecimientode sobrepeso y obesidad en población adultaespañola.Material y método: Se ha estudiado un colectivode 418 individuos de 18 a 60 años, que fueron seleccionadospara constituir una muestra representativa dela población adulta española. Se han registrado datossanitarios, socioeconómicos, de actividad física y antropométricos.Se ha calculado el Índice de Masa Cor -poral (IMC) y se ha considerado que existe sobrepeso/obesidad (SP/OB) cuando el IMC ≥ 25 kg/m2.Resultados: El riesgo de presentar SP/OB fue mayorsegún aumentaba la edad [OR= 5.96 (3.20-11.13);p= 0], en las personas que habían realizado dietas decontrol de peso alguna vez [OR=3.28 (1.98-5.43);p<0.001], en los exfumadores [OR=2.22 (1.23-4.00);p= 0.008], en las personas casadas [OR=1.64 (1.02-2.64); p= 0.041] y en aquellas que dormían menos de8.5 horas diarias [OR=1.62 (1.05-2.52); p= 0.030].Además, dicho riesgo fue menor en las mujeres[OR=0.34 (0.22-0.51); p= 0], en las personas que realizabanalgún deporte [OR=0.55 (0.35-0.85); p=0.008], y en aquellas con estudios universitarios[OR=0.53 (0.28-1.02); p= 0.050]. No se encontró ningunaasociación entre el padecimiento de SP/OB entreel lugar de residencia (rural/urbano), el padecimientode estrés, haber tenido algún embarazo ni el númerode hijos.Conclusiones: Se debe trabajar para modificar losfactores de riesgo relacionados con los hábitos de vidade la población española, con el fin de lograr remitir laprevalencia de la obesidad (AU)

Aim: To study the relationship between environmentalfactors (which may be related to the existenceof an obesogenic environment) and the condition ofoverweight and obesity in Spanish adult population.Methods: A group of 418 individuals of 18-60years, who were selected to constitute a representativesample of the Spanish adult population, were stu -died. Health, socioeconomic, physical activity and anthropometricdata was recorded. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and overweight/obesity (OW/OB)was considered when BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.Results: The risk of OW/OB was higher with increasingage [OR = 5.96 (3.20-11.13), p = 0], in people whohad followed weight control diets in the past [OR = 3.28(1.98- 5.43), P <0.001], in former smokers [OR = 2.22(1.23-4.00), p = 0.008], in married people [OR = 1.64(1.02-2.64), p = 0.041] and in those who slept less 8.5hours per day [OR = 1.62 (1.05-2.52), p = 0.030].Furthermore, the risk was lower in women [OR = 0.34(0.22 -0.51), p = 0], in people who practiced a sport[OR = 0.55 (0.35 to 0.85), p = 0.008], and those withuniversity education [OR = 0.53 (0.28-1.02), p =0.050]. There was no association between SP/OB andthe place of residence (rural/urban), stress, pregnancyor the number of children.Conclusions: Efforts must be put on modifyingOW/OB risk factors related to lifestyle of the Spanishpopulation in order to decrease its prevalence (AU)

Preliminary data on the association between waist circumference and insulin resistance in children without a previous diagnosis.

The aim of the present work was to study the association between different anthropometric parameters and insulin resistance (IR) in Spanish schoolchildren without a previous diagnosis. A total of 443 Spanish schoolchildren (9-11 years of age) were studied in this cross-sectional study. The anthropometric measurements collected were weight, height, body circumferences and skinfolds. Body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, percentage body fat and fat-free body mass were determined. Overnight-fasted blood lipids, insulin and glucose levels were analysed, and estimation of IR, taking into account the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), was calculated. The children with IR had higher serum triglycerides and insulin levels, were heavier and taller, and had a higher BMI, a larger waist circumference, a larger hip circumference, a larger waist/hip ratio and thicker bicipital and tricipital skinfolds than those who did not have IR. Age, sex, BMI and waist circumference explained 32.0% of the variance in the HOMA values; only sex, triglycerides and waist circumference independently influenced this variable. A 1-cm increase in waist circumference was associated with approximately a 3.8% increase in the mean HOMA value. The children with a waist circumference of over the p90 for their age and sex were at greater risk of showing IR as measured by the HOMA: odds ratio = 6.94 (2.01-23.91; P < 0.001). In conclusion, according to these results, waist circumference is the best anthropometric parameter associated with IR in children, and those with a waist circumference of over the p90 for their age and sex would appear to be at particular risk.

[Metabolic syndrome prevalence and its association with the body mass index in university students]. / Prevalencia de síndrome metabólico y su asociación con el índice de masa corporal en universitarios.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Few studies exist about metabolic syndrome (MS) in young Mexican adult populations. The prevalences of overweight, obesity, and MS were evaluated in a sample of university students from Veracruz, México. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Transversal analytical study performed in 402 student of new admission, aged 20-29 years belonging to Veracruzana University. Waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and serum glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol were determined. The MS was diagnosed applying the current National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP-III) criteria. RESULTS: Male subjects showed higher values of waist circumference, weight, stature, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p < 0.005, in all cases). The prevalence of central obesity was 9.5%; hypertriglyceridemia, 13.2; low HDL-cholesterol, 28.9%; high systolic and diastolic blood pressures, 9.2%; and hyperglucemia, 6.0%. 48% showed 1-4 NCEP-ATPIII criteria for MS. Global prevalence of MS was 3.7%. The BMI inclusion increased the MS prevalence in overweight and obese student (8.2 vs 0.8%) (x2 = 14.6; p < 0.001; odds ratio = 10.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.4-48.8). CONCLUSIONS: The BMI inclusion improved the MS diagnostic in young adults. Because almost half of the subjects presented at least one MS factor, the need of preventive implementations in young populations and to develop longitudinal studies to ascertain the effect of MS later in life is suggested.

Prevalencia de síndrome metabólico y su asociación con el índice de masa corporal en universitarios / Metabolic syndrome prevalence and its association with the body mass index in university students

Fundamento y objetivo: Son pocos los estudios realizados sobre el síndrome metabólico (SM) en la población joven adulta de México. En el presente estudio se ha evaluado la prevalencia de SM y sus componentes entre varones y mujeres, así como el papel del índice de masa corporal (IMC) en el estudio de SM, en una muestra de universitarios de Veracruz (México). Sujetos y método: Se ha realizado un estudio transversal analítico en 402 estudiantes de 20 a 29 años de nuevo ingreso de la Universidad Veracruzana. Se determinaron: circunferencia de la cintura, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, glucosa, triglicéridos y colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (cHDL) en suero. Para el diagnóstico de SM se aplicaron los criterios actualizados del Adult Treatment Panel III del National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-ATP-III). Resultados: Los varones presentaron valores más elevados de circunferencia de cintura, peso, talla, IMC, triglicéridos y presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (p < 0,005 en todos). La prevalencia de obesidad central fue del 9,5%; la de hipertrigliceridemia, del 13,2%; la de concentración baja de cHDL, del 28,9%; la de hipertensión arterial, del 9,2%, y la de hiperglucemia, del 6%. El 48% presentó de uno a 4 criterios del NCEP-ATP-III para SM. La prevalencia global de SM fue del 3,7%. La inclusión del IMC incrementó la prevalencia de SM en estudiantes con sobrepeso u obesidad (el 8,2 frente al 0,8%) (x2 = 14,6; p < 0,001; odds ratio = 10,8; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 2,4-48,8). Conclusiones: La inclusión del IMC mejoró el diagnóstico de SM en población joven adulta. Casi la mitad de la población presentó al menos un factor de riesgo de SM, por lo que se subraya la importancia de implementar acciones preventivas para el SM en población juvenil y desarrollar estudios longitudinales acerca de sus efectos en la edad adulta

Background and objective: Few studies exist about metabolic syndrome (MS) in young Mexican adult populations. The prevalences of overweight, obesity, and MS were evaluated in a sample of university students from Veracruz, México. Subjects and method: Transversal analytical study performed in 402 student of new admission, aged 20-29 years belonging to Veracruzana University. Waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and serum glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol were determined. The MS was diagnosed applying the current National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP-III) criteria. Results: Male subjects showed higher values of waist circumference, weight, stature, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p < 0.005, in all cases). The prevalence of central obesity was 9.5%; hypertriglyceridemia, 13.2; low HDL-cholesterol, 28.9%; high systolic and diastolic blood pressures, 9.2%; and hyperglucemia, 6.0%. 48% showed 1-4 NCEP-ATPIII criteria for MS. Global prevalence of MS was 3.7%. The BMI inclusion increased the MS prevalence in overweight and obese student (8.2 vs 0.8%) (x2 = 14.6; p < 0.001; odds ratio = 10.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.4-48.8). Conclusions: The BMI inclusion improved the MS diagnostic in young adults. Because almost half of the subjects presented at least one MS factor, the need of preventive implementations in young populations and to develop longitudinal studies to ascertain the effect of MS later in life is suggested